血必净注射液对EICU脓毒症患者炎症应激反应和心肌功能的影响

目的:探讨血必净注射液治疗急诊重症监护室(EICU)脓毒症患者的疗效,以及对机体炎症应激反应和心肌功能的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将190例脓毒症分为常规组和血必净组,每组均95例。两组均严格按照脓毒症治疗指南(2016年版)给予常规抗脓毒症集束化治疗,血必净组在常规治疗基础上给予血必净注射液治疗,常规组给予等量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。观察两组治疗前和治疗7 d后急性和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)评分,检测并比较治疗前后血清炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)和心肌损伤标志物血肌钙蛋白I(cTn I)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平,统计两组EICU住院时间和28 d死亡率。结果:两组治疗7 d后血清TNF-α、hs-CRP、PCT、IL-6和cTn I、CK-MB水平均明显下降(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗7 d后上述炎性因子和心肌功能指标水平显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗7 d后APACHEⅡ评分明显低于常规组,EICU住院时间较常规组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组28 d病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:常规对症治疗联合血必净注射液能有效减轻脓毒症患者机体炎症应激反应和保护心肌功能,对改善病情程度和缩短EICU住院时间有一定价值。     

非那雄胺在慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者中的应用

目的评估非那雄胺治疗慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)的有效性及安全性。方法选取2017年3月至2019年6月在本院确诊的慢性CSC患者31例40眼,采用单臂试验对患者进行非那雄胺治疗。使用非那雄胺治疗后6个月,对患者的视网膜神经上皮层(retinal neuroepithelial layer,RNL)下积液状况,ETDRS视力以及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(central foveal thickness,CFT)进行检查。结果非那雄胺治疗后1个月,有10眼(25.0%)RNL下积液完全消退。持续治疗2个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月,分别有7眼(17.5%)、6眼(15.0%)、7眼(17.5%)、3眼(7.5%)及3眼(7.5%)RNL下积液消退,仅有4眼(10.0%)在治疗后6个月RNL下积液仍存在。患眼EDTRS视力非那雄胺治疗后1个月为(50.00±16.11)个字母,与治疗前(46.16±16.67)个字母差异无统计学意义(P=0.2213);治疗后2个月(53.39±14.67)个字母,较治疗前显著升高(P=0.0003);治疗后3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月,分别为(57.39±12.76)个字母、(58.52±12.39)个字母、(59.13±10.76)个字母及(60.42±10.96)个字母,与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.0001)。而患眼CFT自治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月分别为(274.10±22.74)μm、(273.00±17.22)μm、(263.50±12.81)μm、(263.90±10.62)μm、(259.70±12.48)μm及(252.60±11.00)μm,与治疗前(296.60±35.41)μm相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。所有患者均无服药后身体不适或并发症发生。结论非那雄胺对于慢性CSC的治疗安全且有效,有望成为慢性CSC的治疗选择。     

Helicobacter pylori infection,chronic atrophic gastritis and risk of stomach and esophagus cancer: Results from the prospective population-based ESTHER cohort study

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered as principal cause of gastric cancer. It is further associated with a reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinomas. In a large prospective population-based cohort study including 9,949 subjects with average observation time of 13.8 years, we assessed the risk of invasive gastric and esophageal cancer according to H. pylori infection and presence of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HR) derived by Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for relevant confounders were derived by seroprevalence of H. pylori and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) antibodies and presence of CAG based on serological markers at baseline, respectively. During follow-up, 30 cases of noncardia gastric cancer and 33 cases of esophageal cancer were observed. Infection by H. pylori without and with expression of CagA was associated with a 5.2-fold (95% confidence interval 1.00–27.1) and an 18.2-fold (4.3–77.4) increase of noncardia gastric cancer incidence. A 0.65-fold decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinomas (HR 0.35, 0.12–0.97) was observed among H. pylori-infected individuals. In participants infected with CagA expressed H. pylori, the presence of mild/moderate and severe CAG was associated with a 6.4-fold (1.3–31.0) and an 11.8-fold (3.1–45.4) increase of gastric cancer incidence, respectively. The results of this prospective population-based cohort study may contribute relevant evidence to the ongoing research of H. pylori-related cancers. The results may furthermore enhance the empirical basis for risk stratification among H. pylori-infected people and for recommendations regarding H. pylori screening and treatment among older adults in a Western population.     

益气健脾方对老年慢性肾功能不全患者营养状况影响的临床研究及机制探讨

目的探讨益气健脾方对老年慢性肾功能不全患者营养状况的影响及作用机制。方法将60例老年慢性肾功能不全营养不良患者随机分为对照组和研究组,每组30例。在常规治疗基础上,对照组予以复方α-酮酸片每次2.52 mg,3次/d,口服;研究组在对照组基础上予以益气健脾方每次150 mL,2次/d,口服。两组患者均治疗3个月。比较两组间临床疗效、血清生化营养学指标水平、肾功能、血清炎症因子水平,及药物不良反应发生率。结果对照组总有效率66.67%(20/30)低于研究组总有效率90.00%(27/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组比较,研究组血清前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、转铁蛋白(TRF)水平较高,血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平较低,肾小球滤过率(GFR)水平较高,血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗过程中,两组出现的不良反应为恶心呕吐、食欲不振。研究组不良反应发生率为13.33%(4/30),对照组不良反应发生率为6.67%(2/30),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论益气健脾方能有效改善老年慢性肾功能不全患者的营养状况,其作用可能与提高肾功能及缓解微炎症状态有关,而且具有较高安全性。     

Factors Affecting Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis after Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis and Left Iliac Vein Stent Placement in Patients with Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome

PurposeThis study evaluated the factors affecting contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after iliac vein stent placement in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).Materials and MethodsData from 130 patients (95 female patients) who underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis and stent placement for IVCS with left lower leg thrombosis at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Mean patient age was 69.0 ± 14.0 years old. Median follow-up was 14 months (range, 3–164 months). Anticoagulation therapy was prescribed for 6 months, followed by lifelong antiplatelet therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting the development of contralateral and ipsilateral recurrent DVT.ResultsSeven patients (5.4%) developed contralateral DVT (median, 26 months; range, 2–61 months), and 11 patients (8.5%) developed ipsilateral DVT (median, 1 month; range, 0–53 months). Stent location (odds ratio [OR], 11.564; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.159–115.417) and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 15.142; 95% CI, 1.406–163.119) were predictors of recurrent contralateral DVT. Thrombophilia (OR, 47.560; 95% CI, 2.369–954.711), remaining inferior vena cava filter (OR, 30.552; 95% CI, 3.495–267.122), and in-stent thrombosis during follow-up (OR, 82.057; 95% CI, 2.915–2309.848) were predictors of ipsilateral DVT.ConclusionsContralateral DVT occurs late and is associated with extension of the iliac vein stent to the inferior vena cava and in-stent thrombosis. Ipsilateral DVT occurs relatively early and is associated with thrombophilia, remaining inferior vena cava filter, and in-stent thrombosis.     

补肾活血壮骨汤对椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床疗效及骨代谢的影响

目的:探讨补肾活血壮骨汤对椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床疗效及骨代谢的影响。方法:收集我院骨伤科收治的椎体压缩性骨折患者70例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各35例。两组患者均接受椎体成形术(Percutaneous Vertebroplasty,PVP),对照组术后予以阿法骨化醇软胶囊;试验组在对照组的基础上予以补肾活血壮骨汤。两组均以4周为一个疗效,连续服用3个疗程。比较两组患者视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、椎体前壁高度(Anterior Vertebral Body Height,AVBH)、椎体后凸角度(Cobb)、骨密度(Bone Mineral Density,BMD)、血清骨钙素(BGP)、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline Phosphatase,ALP)、I型前胶原氨基端肽(N-terminal Propeptide of Type I Procollagen,PINP)以及骨保护素(Osteoprotectin,OPG)水平。结果:治疗后两组VAS、Cobb、PINP低于治疗前,BGP、ALP、OPG、AVBH以及BMD高于治疗前(P<0.05);试验组VAS、Cobb、PINP低于对照组,BGP、ALP、OPG、AVBH以及BMD高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:补肾活血壮骨汤能够显著缓解患者疼痛,促进骨折愈合,改善脊柱功能以及骨密度,其治疗机制可能与调节骨代谢水平具有相关性。     

椎体成形术联合补肾健骨汤治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床效果

目的:分析椎体成形术联合补肾健骨汤治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床效果。方法:选择2016年9月-2019年4月本院收治的73例老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者,按随机数表法分为两组,对照组(36例)采用椎体成形术治疗,研究组(37例)在对照组的基础上加用补肾健骨汤治疗,对比两组临床效果、腰椎功能及疼痛度。结果:研究组治疗总有效率94.59%(35/37)比对照组高(P<0.05);研究组腰椎功能评分(16.36±1.69)分,明显比对照组优(P<0.05);研究组治疗后腰椎疼痛度为(3.13±0.23)分,明显比对照组低,差异具有统计意义(P<0.05)。结论:老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折采用椎体成形术联合补肾健骨汤治疗,可减轻疼痛度,改善腰椎功能,还能提高治疗效果,值得临床推广。     

海沙瑞林对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心交感神经重构的影响*

目的：探讨海沙瑞林对慢性心力衰竭（ CHF）大鼠心交感神经重构的影响。 方法： SD大鼠随机分为对照 组（ Control 组）、假手术组（ Sham组）、心力衰竭组（ HF组）和海沙瑞林干预组（ HF+Hx 组），应用冠状动脉结 扎法制作CHF大鼠模型，HF+Hx 组大鼠连续4 周尾静脉注射海沙瑞林 100 μg·kg-1·d-1，其他3 组注射等量的生 理盐水。超声心动图测量左心室功能；H-E 染色及Masson 染色观察各组大鼠心肌病理结构变化；免疫组织化学和 免疫印迹检测脑钠肽（ BNP）、神经生长因子（ NGF）、酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）和生长相关蛋白43（ GAP43）表达。 结果：海沙瑞林干预升高CHF大鼠左室射血分数，改善左心室功能，减轻HF组心肌损伤结构病理改变，降低心 肌细胞内BNP 表达，增加NGF、TH和GAP43 表达，差异均具有统计学意义。 结论：CHF大鼠存在心交感神经重构， 海沙瑞林通过改变心交感神经重构， 改善心功能和CHF的预后可能是其实现心保护的机制之一。     

尿调节素及UMOD基因与慢性肾病的相关性研究进展

尿调节素,又称Tamm-Horsfal蛋白,是由肾小管髓袢升支粗段的小管上皮细胞分泌、也是正常人尿液中含量最多的蛋白。研究发现尿调节素具有多种生物学功能,如调节水盐代谢、调节免疫、防止肾结石产生和防止尿路感染等。近期全基因组关联分析发现编码尿调节素的基因UMOD启动子区单核苷酸多态性与慢性肾病的进展及预后具有很高关联度,并进一步通过孟德尔随机化方法证实尿调节素与慢性肾脏病的因果关系。